Journal:

Article Title: Metyrapone Reveals That Previous Chronic Stress Differentially Impairs Hippocampal-dependent Memory

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percentage of Freezing to Context and Tone during the Paired Condition. (A) Chronically stressed rats treated with metyrapone (S/M) showed a lack of freezing to contextual conditioning, which was not significantly different from their baseline measure on training day. In contrast, control rats injected with vehicle or metyrapone (C/V and C/M) and stressed rats injected with vehicle (S/V) were not statistically different and demonstrated enhanced freezing to context compared to their baseline measures on training day (interaction among Treatment, Drug and Day, F(1, 33) = 3.88, p = 0.05. (B) For cued fear conditioning, all groups showed enhanced freezing to tone compared to their baseline measure on training day. Rats injected with vehicle (C/V, S/V) froze significantly more on the testing day compared to rats injected with metyrapone (C/M, S/M). (*) p<0.05 compared to the same group’s baseline performance during training (interaction between Drug and Day, F(1,33) = 11.91, p<0.005). (‡) p<0.05 compared to C/V, C/M, S/V on testing day. Data are represented by means ± S.E.M. with 8–10 subjects/group. C = Control, M=Metyrapone, S=Stress, V=Vehicle.

Article Snippet: Apparatus Fear Conditioning Chambers Two rodent fear conditioning chambers were used and will be referred to as the shock and nonshock chambers (Coulbourn Instruments, E10-18TC).

Techniques: Control, Injection

Journal:

Article Title: Metyrapone Reveals That Previous Chronic Stress Differentially Impairs Hippocampal-dependent Memory

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percentage of Freezing to Context and Tone during the Unpaired Condition. For both contextual and cued conditioning, a significant interaction between Drug and Day was revealed without any chronic stress effect. (A) Control and stressed rats injected with vehicle (C/V, S/V) froze more to context compared to their baseline measure during training. Metyrapone-treated rats (C/M, S/M) showed no difference in freezing between training and testing days. (B) Rats injected with metyrapone froze significantly less to tone on testing day compared to their baseline levels on training day (C/M, S/M). Data are represented by means±S.E.M. with 9–10 subjects/group. C=Control, M=Metyrapone, S=Stress, V=Vehicle. (*) p<0.05 compared to the same group’s baseline performance during training. (∞) p<0.05 compared to C/V, S/V on training day. (✓) p<0.05 compared to C/V, S/V on testing day.

Article Snippet: Apparatus Fear Conditioning Chambers Two rodent fear conditioning chambers were used and will be referred to as the shock and nonshock chambers (Coulbourn Instruments, E10-18TC).

Techniques: Control, Injection

Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology

Article Title: Long-term consequences of perinatal fatty acid amino hydrolase inhibition

doi: 10.1111/bph.12500

Figure Lengend Snippet: URB597-exposed adult offspring exhibit increased depressive behaviour, impaired working memory and reduced cocaine reward. (A) Depressive behaviour was assessed in the forced swim test. Time spent floating in water (immobile) as percentage of control was shown. URB597-exposed adult offspring spent significantly more time being immobile suggesting increased depressive behaviour (increased helplessness). (B) Working memory was assessed in the t-maze test, using the forced choice paradigm. Only male mice were tested. URB597-exposed adult offspring showed significantly reduced spontaneous alternations (close to chance), suggesting impaired working memory. (C) Reward behaviour was assessed in the conditioned place preference test. Vehicle-exposed adult offspring showed significantly increased preference for the cocaine-paired side, as expected. This preference was abolished in URB597-exposed adult offspring. Data were analysed with two-way ANOVA (treatment × sex) for (A), and with Student's t-test for (B) and (C).

Article Snippet: Conditioned place preference Determination of conditioned place preference for cocaine was performed using a two-chamber conditioned place preference apparatus (Accuscan Instruments).

Techniques: Conditioned Place Preference

Journal: NPJ Parkinson's Disease

Article Title: Synaptic vesicle characterization of iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons provides insight into distinct secretory vesicle pools

doi: 10.1038/s41531-024-00862-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Diagram showing a schematic view of iPSC-derived DA neurons and iPSC-derived medium spiny neurons (MSNs) co-cultured in the microfluidic device. B Representative fluorescence image of endogenous tdTomato-tagged TH DA neurons (day 30) show robust TH labeling (white). Fluorescence image of endogenous tdTomato-tagged TH DA neurons (white) plated on one side of the chamber ( C ), with a representative axon migrating through a microfluidic channel ( D ). Scale bars, 100 μm. E Fluorescence image of a representative area of the MSN-seeded chamber where only axons of the tdTomato-TH-positive DA neurons (white) have innervated the MSN-containing chamber (unlabeled). Scale bar, 100 μm. F Immunolabeling with antibody directed against synapsin show presence of synapses in this region (white), which could come from either DA-MSN or MSN-MSN contacts. Scale bar, 10 μm. Representative EM images show presence of bona fide SSVs in a classical synapse ( G ) and larger-sized vesicles (including clear and DCVs, see insets) in a presynaptic bouton-like structure ( H ). Scale bar, 500 nm. Quantification of the size of these vesicles is shown in dot plot ( I ) and frequency histogram ( J ). The dot plot is represented as mean ± SD pooled from ≥1603 vesicles in bouton-like structures. Note that the vesicle pools in DA-MSN co-cultures were similar in size and morphology to those of single DA cultures only.

Article Snippet: tdTomato-tagged TH DA neurons (day 30) were replated on one side of the two-chamber microfluidic compartmentalization device (OMEGA , eNuvio), where only axonal processes can migrate through the microfluidic channels connected to the adjacent chamber.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Cell Culture, Fluorescence, Labeling, Immunolabeling